JICE (Journal of Infrastructural in Civil Engineering)

UTILIZING POWER PLANT WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS: ADVANCING NIGERIA’S CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Hyginus Unegbu, Felly Misdalena, Danjuma YAWAS — Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Power plant waste, including fly ash, slag, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, offers a sustainable solution to address environmental, economic, and resource challenges in construction. This study explores the potential of these byproducts to replace conventional materials in Nigeria’s construction industry, aligning with global sustainability trends. Comprehensive characterization revealed their compatibility with pozzolanic and cementitious applications, meeting chemical and physical requirements. Concrete with fly ash replacement up to 20% achieved comparable compressive strength (32.1 MPa at 28 days) to conventional cement, with enhanced durability through reduced water absorption (6.9%) and minimal freeze-thaw weight loss (1.1%). Life-cycle analysis demonstrated substantial environmental benefits, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (up to 28%) and energy consumption (up to 25%). Economic analysis showed cost savings ranging from 11% to 23% at optimal replacement levels. Despite these advantages, challenges such as variability in material properties and inadequate infrastructure highlight the need for standardized preprocessing methods and regulatory support. Recommendations include establishing regulatory frameworks, incentivizing recycling, and investing in infrastructure to enable scalability. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of power plant waste in advancing sustainable construction practices, reducing environmental footprints, and promoting resource efficiency in developing nations. Future research should focus on optimizing higher replacement levels, assessing long-term performance, and evaluating socio-economic impacts to facilitate widespread adoption.

ANALYZING BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF FAILED GREEN BUILDING PROJECTS IN NIGERIA

Hyginus Unegbu, Fera Lestari, Danjuma YAWAS — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 15:13:18 +0700

This study examines the persistent barriers to sustainable construction in Nigeria by analyzing ten green building projects that failed to meet their sustainability objectives. Through a qualitative case study approach, the research identifies economic, technological, regulatory, and socio-cultural challenges as the primary obstacles. Economic barriers, such as significant budget overruns and frequent funding disruptions, underscore the financial risks associated with sustainable construction. Technological barriers, including a shortage of skilled labor and reliance on imported materials, highlight a critical capacity gap in the local construction industry. Regulatory challenges are characterized by ineffective policies and inconsistent enforcement, weakening the framework needed to support green building initiatives. Socio-cultural barriers, including resistance to change and low awareness of the benefits of sustainability, further complicate efforts to engage stakeholders effectively. The study offers strategic recommendations to overcome these barriers, such as enhancing financial incentives, developing targeted training programs, reforming regulatory frameworks, and launching comprehensive awareness campaigns. It also calls for future research, including longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term impacts of sustainable practices and comparative international research to adapt successful strategies to the Nigerian context.

INTEGRATING LOCAL SUPPLY CHAIN DYNAMICS TO ENHANCE SUSTAINABILITY AND PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA’S RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

Hyginus Unegbu, Rita Anggraini, Danjuma YAWAS — Sat, 15 Nov 2025 14:00:21 +0700

Nigeria’s residential construction sector faces critical challenges, including fragmented supply chain practices, heavy reliance on imported materials, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. These inefficiencies result in prolonged project timelines, increased costs, and environmental degradation, underscoring the need for systemic reform. This study examines the integration of local supply chain dynamics as a strategy to enhance sustainability and performance within the sector. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, incorporating surveys, interviews, and simulated data analyses. Quantitative data collected from 150 construction professionals revealed that only 27.4% of materials used in the sector are sourced locally, while qualitative insights from 30 stakeholders identified key barriers, such as variability in material quality (82%) and inadequate supplier capacity (76%). The findings highlight that integrating local materials can deliver significant environmental and economic benefits. For example, project costs can be reduced by 22% and carbon emissions by 35% through the use of locally sourced materials. A case study of a housing project in Kaduna State demonstrated that utilizing local materials improved project timelines by 35% and lowered costs by 20%. Simulated scenario analyses further supported these findings, showing that increased reliance on local materials enhances efficiency and reduces logistical challenges. Nevertheless, structural barriers such as insufficient policy support and low digital tool adoption must be addressed through targeted interventions. This study recommends the establishment of standardized certification systems, capacity-building programs, and financial incentives to support local supply chain integration. It also underscores the need for digital transformation to optimize supply chain operations and foster sustainable practices. The findings provide practical recommendations and a replicable framework for stakeholders seeking to enhance construction performance while aligning with global sustainability goals.

FROM LANDFILLS TO LIVELIHOODS: SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

Hyginus Unegbu, Muhammad Rizan Adam, Danjuma YAWAS — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 12:18:18 +0700

Construction waste management (CWM) is vital for achieving sustainable development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing nations like Nigeria. This study investigates the socioeconomic and environmental implications of CWM practices in Lagos, Abuja, and Kano, utilizing a mixed-methods approach that integrates survey data from 300 respondents, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Results reveal that informal systems dominate CWM, handling 67% of waste, while advanced practices, such as recycling and reuse, are adopted by only 9% of respondents. Despite these limitations, recycling activities demonstrated significant socioeconomic potential, including strong positive correlations with job creation and livelihood improvement. Environmental modeling indicates that implementing recycling at 30% of construction sites could reduce landfill contributions by 45% and methane emissions by 6,000 tons annually. Key challenges include weak regulatory enforcement, inadequate infrastructure, financial barriers, and limited public awareness. Regional differences were evident: Lagos requires investment in large-scale recycling infrastructure, Abuja needs stricter regulatory enforcement, and Kano would benefit from targeted public awareness campaigns. This study applies the circular economy framework and sustainable livelihoods approach to highlight the potential of integrating informal waste handlers into formal systems, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and scaling public-private partnerships. It also emphasizes the role of innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, in enhancing waste tracking and management. These findings contribute to global discussions on sustainable waste practices and offer actionable insights for addressing CWM challenges in Nigeria and similar developing economies.

EVALUASI KINERJA OPERASIONAL KERETA API PARIAMAN EKPRESS (STUDI KASUS: STASIUN PADANG - STASIUN PARIAMAN)

Wilton Wahab, Baskoro Tri Julianto, Farah Danovand, Angelalia Roza — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Public transportation, particularly rail systems, plays a crucial role in enhancing urban mobility and supporting the sustainability of city transport networks. However, operational performance often faces challenges related to capacity utilization, punctuality, and revenue efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the operational performance of the Pariaman Ekspress Train, which connects Padang Station and Pariaman Station, focusing on three key parameters: load factor, punctuality, and operational revenue. Data were collected over one week through direct field observations and secondary data from PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), using a descriptive quantitative approach. The results show that the load factor from Padang Station averaged 80.39%, and from Pariaman Station 66.66%, indicating capacity imbalances, especially during peak and holiday periods. The recorded travel time was 143 minutes from Padang Station to Pariaman and 148 minutes from Pariaman Station to Padang, remaining within acceptable tolerance limits. The highest operational revenue per trip was Rp2,466,000. These findings suggest the need for improvements in capacity management and travel speed consistency to enhance service quality and operational efficiency of the railway transport system in Indonesia.

KAJIAN PENANGANAN PENURUNAN TANAH PADA JALUR KERETA API DENGAN PENDEKATAN RAILWAY EMBANKMENT TREATMENT SOLUTION (RETRASOL)

Amril Ma'ruf Siregar, Iswan, Aminudin Syah, Nur Arifani — Thu, 11 Dec 2025 05:54:01 +0700

The main problems found on the railway track between Km 233+300 and Km 234+300 on

the Kemelak–Baturaja line are mud pumping due to a drainage system that is not functioning

optimally, slope erosion, and subsidence on the railway track, which has the potential to

disrupt the safety of railway operations. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of

implementing the Railway Embankment Treatment Solution (Retrasol) system in addressing

ground subsidence and improving railway track stability. The research method employs a

quantitative experimental approach through topographic measurements, sounding tests, and

hydrological data analysis. The calculation results show that the slope safety factor ranges

from 1.084 to 1.23 for static conditions and 0.90 to 0.98 for dynamic conditions, indicating

that the existing railway roadbed is highly prone to landslides. The simulation results show

that there is an increase in the slope safety factor after the retaining wall reinforcement,

namely 2.508 for normal conditions and 1.939 when the MAT condition rises. The retaining

wall will be installed on the railway embankment along a 350 m stretch. Improvements to the

drainage system are also needed to reduce the risk of surface erosion, which also functions

as a retaining wall on the railway embankment using 0.6 m U-ditch material along a 450 m

stretch. These findings prove that the Retrasol system is effective in improving the stability

of the railway embankment slope.

OPTIMASI SISTEM DRAINASE PERKOTAAN DENGAN INFRASTRUKTUR HIJAU MENGGUNAKAN STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL (SWMM)

Respati Anton Sasongko, Evan Febri Miranda, Mirnanda Cambodia — Mon, 22 Dec 2025 15:17:14 +0700

Urban flooding in Rajabasa Raya Village, Bandar Lampung, is driven by high rainfall, increasing impervious surfaces, and insufficient drainage capacity. This study aims to optimize the performance of the urban drainage system through the implementation of green infrastructure using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Primary data were collected from field surveys employing drones, total stations, levels, and GPS devices, while secondary data were obtained from DEMNAS, topographic maps, BMKG, and BPS. The simulation results for several catchment areas indicate high runoff coefficients in built-up zones, with some drainage channels operating near their full capacity and thus susceptible to overflow. The application of green infrastructure, such as green open spaces and infiltration areas, reduces peak discharge and hydraulic pressure in the channels, thereby improving the performance and resilience of the drainage system under extreme rainfall events.

SWOT ANALYSIS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR SLOPE REINFORCEMENT USING THE GEOCELL METHOD

Aasniari, Dinar Malika Ardha — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 22:10:47 +0700

Slope stabilization is an important aspect of construction projects to ensure safety, execution efficiency, and long-term structural performance. This study aims to compare several slope reinforcement methods—namely geocell, hydroseeding, grass block, and shotcrete—based on time efficiency, cost effectiveness, and quality/safety performance, as well as to evaluate the geocell method using SWOT analysis and Weighted SWOT Analysis. The comparative results indicate that each slope reinforcement method has distinct characteristics; therefore, the selection should be aligned with project priorities. Based on the analysis, the geocell method provides the best and most balanced combination of cost, time, and quality among the alternatives. This method offers the lowest cost, a relatively efficient construction duration, and a sufficiently high level of quality and safety, although it does not always achieve the highest absolute performance. The SWOT analysis reveals that the main strengths of the geocell method lie in its economic advantage, flexibility for application under various slope conditions, and its significant ability to reduce erosion. However, its weaknesses include a relatively longer installation duration and the need for skilled labor, as the system performance is highly dependent on installation quality. The results of the Weighted SWOT Analysis yield an Internal Factor Score (IFS) of +1.38 and an External Factor Score (EFS) of +0.38, placing the geocell method in Quadrant I (Aggressive Strategy). This position indicates that strong internal capabilities support the optimal utilization of external opportunities. Therefore, the geocell method is considered highly feasible and is recommended as an effective, economical, and competitive slope stabilization solution compared to hydroseeding, grass block, and shotcrete methods in construction projects.

INNOVATIVE ECO-PAVING BLOCKS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLINELA RESERVOIR

Vera Chania Putri, Sekar Dwi Rizki , Arlina Phelia — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 08:08:25 +0700

Recycling plastic waste, though a common practice, often results in low-value residual materials. Therefore, further efforts are required to manage plastic waste more effectively. One potential alternative is the production of eco-paving blocks, which are an innovative form of paving blocks manufactured using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle waste as a partial mixture. This eco-paving block innovation is expected to support jogging track facilities as part of the environmentally friendly development plan for the Polinela retention pond (Embung Polinela). This study aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of eco-paving blocks based on compressive strength and water absorption tests. In this study, paving blocks were produced by incorporating PET waste at proportions of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight of the paving block. The results indicate that the maximum compressive strength was achieved with a 2% PET addition, resulting in a 17.39% increase in compressive strength and a 20.76% increase in water absorption compared to paving blocks without PET incorporation.

DESAIN IPAL TERPADU DALAM MENDUKUNG IMPLEMENTASI SDGs PADA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI

Dwi Meyta Sari, Arlina Phelia, Ismadi Raharjo — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 14:44:24 +0700

Politeknik Negeri Lampung aims to establish a sustainable campus environment through the implementation of a safe and responsible laboratory wastewater management system. The Smart Food Technology Integrated Laboratory Building, which functions as the center of practical and research activities, generates wastewater from equipment washing, sample processing, and chemical usage. Laboratory wastewater quality analysis indicates that several parameters, including Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), COD, BOD, and Total Coliform, exceed the limits stipulated in the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 68/2016. With approximately 1,350 users, the estimated wastewater discharge reaches ±24.30 m³/day, necessitating an appropriate treatment system. This study designs a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) employing an Anaerobic Filter (AF) as the core unit, complemented by heavy metal pretreatment, an aeration polishing unit, and disinfection. The piping system is designed to utilize gravity flow and is separated from stormwater drainage. The technical design is supported by a cost estimate totaling Rp 464,527,000.00, including 11% VAT. The proposed system is expected to enhance laboratory wastewater management, support the implementation of a Green Campus, and contribute to achieving SDG 6 on clean water and sanitation.

EVALUASI KINERJA JARINGAN DRAINASE PERKOTAAN KECAMATAN KALIANDA, LAMPUNG SELATAN

Suharni, Elza Novilyansa, Rina Febrina, Amelia Oktavia — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 09:34:36 +0700

Urban drainage systems are an important part of infrastructure for maintaining the socio-economic function of urban areas. The continued growth of the Kalianda subdistrict must be balanced with a good drainage system. This study aims to analyse the performance of the urban drainage network in Kalianda District, South Lampung Regency, in order to find appropriate solutions. Primary data was obtained through direct observation in the field to determine the existing condition of the drainage system. Ten years of rainfall data was obtained from BBWS Mesuji Sekampung. Spatial data was obtained from other sources. The analysis of planned flood discharge was based on the calculation of runoff discharge using the five-year return period Rational Method and domestic discharge from residents. The evaluation of drainage capacity was obtained from a comparison between planned discharge and existing drainage discharge. Existing discharge was calculated using the maning coefficient approach based on field observations. The analysis results show that the performance of drainage channels in Kalianda Subdistrict is 70 (seventy) out of 84 (eighty-four) drainage channel locations, or 84.33% of drainage channels are unable to withstand the flow discharge. Drainage channels in Kalianda Subdistrict require re-planning to adjust the planned discharge to be able to drain runoff water when it rains.