Perbandingan Kinerja Algoritma Machine Learning dalam Klasifikasi Penyakit Fundus Menggunakan Citra Fundus Digital
Abstract
Penyakit fundus mata seperti diabetic retinopathy, cataract, dan glaucoma merupakan penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan hingga kebutaan apabila tidak terdeteksi sejak dini. Diagnosis penyakit fundus secara konvensional masih sangat bergantung pada penilaian visual tenaga medis, yang berpotensi menimbulkan subjektivitas dan keterlambatan penanganan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan dan membandingkan metode machine learning dalam mendeteksi penyakit fundus berdasarkan citra fundus digital serta menentukan algoritma dengan kinerja terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan dataset publik yang terdiri dari 600 citra fundus yang terbagi secara seimbang ke dalam empat kelas, yaitu Normal, Background Diabetic Retinopathy, Cataract, dan Glaucoma, dengan masing-masing kelas berjumlah 150 citra. Dataset dibagi menjadi data training dan data testing dengan rasio 80:20. Tiga algoritma machine learning yang digunakan adalah Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), dan Random Forest. Evaluasi kinerja model dilakukan menggunakan metrik akurasi, precision, recall, dan F1-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh model mampu mencapai tingkat akurasi di atas 80%, dengan SVM menghasilkan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 88,0%, diikuti oleh KNN sebesar 87,7% dan Random Forest sebesar 82,5%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode machine learning, khususnya SVM, efektif digunakan dalam mendeteksi penyakit fundus dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sistem pendukung diagnosis dini. Meskipun demikian, penelitian lanjutan masih diperlukan dengan dataset yang lebih besar dan beragam untuk meningkatkan kemampuan generalisasi model.
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