THE MAIN CHARACTER’S RESPONSE TO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN INVICTUS MOVIE

  • Muhamad Fikri Yahya Universitas Pamulang
  • Aisyah Al-Baroroh Universitas Pamulang
Keywords: film analysis, Invictus, Nelson Mandela, racial discrimination, reconciliation

Abstract

This article examines how the main character, Nelson Mandela, responds to racial discrimination in Invictus (2009), directed by Clint Eastwood. The research focuses on Mandela’s strategies in addressing the deep racial divisions in post-apartheid South Africa. Using John Paul Lederach’s theory of reconciliation, the analysis highlights four key responses shown by Mandela: truth, forgiveness, justice, and peace. These responses are expressed through dialogue, symbolic actions, and leadership decisions in the film. The findings reveal that Mandela’s commitment to reconciliation helped transform rugby, a sport once seen as a symbol of racial division, into a unifying tool for the nation. His responses demonstrate that racial discrimination can be resisted not only through political struggle but also through moral leadership and inclusive vision. This article aims to give readers a deeper understanding of how film portrays responses to racial discrimination and to provide a useful reference for further studies in literature and film analysis.

Keywords: film analysis, Invictus, Nelson Mandela, racial discrimination, reconciliation

References

Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Barry, P. (2017). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory (4th ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press.Blank, R. K., Dabady, M., & Citro, C. F. (2004). Measuring racial discrimination. National Academies Press.

Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.

Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2016). Film Art: An Introduction (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill

Education.

Cashmore, E. (2004). Racism and Anti-Racism in Football. London: Routledge.

Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Saguy, T. (2009). Commonality and the complexity of “we”: Social attitudes and

social change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13(1), 3–20.

Eastwood, C. (Director). (2009). Invictus [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.

Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. Oslo: PRIO.

Giroux, H. A. (2002). Breaking In to the Movies: Film and the Culture of Politics. Malden: Blackwell.

Fiske, S. T. (2010). Social Beings: Core Motives in Social Psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publications.

Hooks, B. (1992). Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press.

Lederach, J. P. (1997). Building peace: Sustainable reconciliation in divided societies. United States Institute of Peace Press.

Mandela, N. (1994). Long Walk to Freedom. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

McQueen, S. (2015). Film and social justice: Race, power, and representation. Journal of Media Ethics, 30(3), 182–195.

Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. London: Chatto & Windus.

Storey, J. (2018). Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction (8th ed.). London: Routledge.

Tutu, D. (1999). No Future Without Forgiveness. New York: Doubleday.

Published
2025-12-30
How to Cite
Yahya, M. F., & Al-Baroroh, A. (2025). THE MAIN CHARACTER’S RESPONSE TO RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN INVICTUS MOVIE. Linguistics and Literature Journal, 6(2), 258 - 262. https://doi.org/10.33365/linguistics_and_literature.v6i2.881