POTENSI KAYU ULIN (EUSIDEROXYLON ZWAGERI) SEBAGAI MATERIAL KONSTRUKSI BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK INFRASTRUKTUR JEMBATAN KAYU : KAJIAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS

Abstract

The global demand to reduce carbon emissions and reliance on conventional construction materials has driven the search for more sustainable alternatives. Eusideroxylon zwageri, commonly known as Bornean ironwood, is an endemic Indonesian hardwood species with exceptional mechanical and ecological properties, making it a promising candidate for structural applications, particularly in timber bridge construction. This study aims to assess the potential of ulin wood as a sustainable construction material through a systematic literature review, focusing on its physical and mechanical properties, natural durability, and environmental performance. The findings indicate that ulin wood has a high air-dry density (0.96–1.04 g/cm³) and compressive strength parallel to the grain ranging from 75–85 MPa. Its natural durability is classified as Class I, supported by a high extractive content that provides resistance to biological degradation without chemical treatment. Life cycle assessment results show a potential reduction in embodied carbon of up to 75% compared to concrete and steel, along with a service life of up to 100 years and minimal maintenance requirements. Key challenges include limited legal supply and the lack of standardized technical regulations. The study recommends advancing processing technologies, implementing digital traceability systems, and strengthening policy frameworks and human resource capacity. These findings offer a scientific foundation for integrating tropical hardwoods into sustainable infrastructure development.