Meta-Analysis : The Influence of the Game Based Learning (GBL) Model On Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes
Abstrak
Mathematics learning outcomes remain a challenge across various educational levels, highlighting the need for instructional approaches that enhance student engagement and understanding. One of the widely implemented approaches is Game Based Learning (GBL). This study aimed to examine the overall effect of GBL on students’ mathematics learning outcomes and to identify differences in effect sizes based on game type, sample size, and educational level through a meta-analysis approach. The study employed a meta-analysis method following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 25 primary studies published between 2019 and 2026 that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using JASP software. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges’ g and synthesized through a random-effects model. The results revealed that GBL had a very large positive effect on mathematics learning outcomes, with a pooled effect size of 2.184 (95% CI [1.101, 3.268]; p < 0.001). Heterogeneity analysis indicated substantial variation among studies (Q = 1129.72; I² = 98.89%), leading to moderator analyses. The findings showed that game type (F = 0.1125; p = 0.740) and sample size (F = 0.073; p = 0.930) were not significant moderators of effect size variation. In contrast, educational level was found to be a significant moderator (F = 4.563; p = 0.009), with the largest effect size observed at the higher education level (g = 10.630). Publication bias analyses using Funnel Plot, Fail-Safe N (9076), and Trim and Fill indicated that the meta-analytic findings were highly robust and minimally affected by publication bias. These findings suggest that Game Based Learning is an effective instructional approach for improving students’ mathematics learning outcomes across different educational levels.
Referensi
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Sulmiati. 2022. “Pengaruh Game Online Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas V Sdn 3 Banjarsari.” Renjana Pendidikan Dasar 2(3).
Sumale, Lufna, Abdul Wahab Abdullah, and Bertu Rianto Takaendengan. 2024. “Students Mathematics Learning Achievement At Vocational School : An Experimental Study Of Using.” 4(1):142–49.
Supriadi, Nanang, Kartika Ramadhona, Dona Dinda Pratiwi, and Santi Widyawati. 2020. “Concept Understanding Skills and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills in Algebraic Materials: The Effect of DMR Learning Model Assisted by Dragonbox Puzzle Game During The Covid-19 Pandemic.” Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 11(1):191–98.
Ully, Sonali Arta, and Ika Parma Dewi. 2022. “Pengaruh Game-Based Learning Menggunakan Aplikasi Quizizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar.” Jurnal Vocational Teknik Elektronika Dan Informatika 10(4).
Wardani, Winda Risma, Aan Nurfahrudianto, and Muhamad Basori. 2024. “Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Digital Game Based Learning ( DGBL ) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SDN Manggis.” 1300–1310.
Widiyasari, Ririn. 2025. “Pengaruh Model Game-Based Learning Berbatuan Kahoot Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 8(April).
Anggraeni, Dwi, Admaja Dwi Herlambang, and Tri Afirianto. 2017. “Pengaruh Game-Based Learning Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Mata Kuliah Pemrograman Dasar.” 1(1):1–7.
Ardilla, Ayu, and Suryo Hartanto. 2017. “Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Mts Iskandar Muda Batam.” 6(2):175–86.
Asyakur, Agus Syarif, Alexxa Tri Fatmasari, and Rima Rahmawati. 2026. “Pengaruh Game Balap Karung Matematika Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Pecahan Siswa Kelas V.” Pendidikan Dasar 1(1):14–28.
Borenstein, Michael, L. V Hedges, J. P. T. Higgins, and H. R. Rothstein. 2009. Introduction to Meta-Analysis.
Brezovszky, Boglárka, Jake McMullen, Koen Veermans, Minna M. Hannula-Sormunen, Gabriela Rodríguez-Aflecht, Nonmanut Pongsakdi, Eero Laakkonen, and Erno Lehtinen. 2019. “Effects of a Mathematics Game-Based Learning Environment on Primary School Students’ Adaptive Number Knowledge.” (274163).
Bringula, Rex P., Francis Arlando, L. Atienza, Jane Mangubat, Maristela Roxas, John Paul, and P. Miranda. 2025. “Impact of Intelligent vs Non-Intelligent MCSCL on Mathematics Performance: A Comparative Study of Grade 5 Students Rex.” Acta Psychologica 260(April):105507. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105507.
Dhuha, Shela Hadri, Nani Kurniati, Ulfa Lu, Harry Soepriyanto, Pendidikan Matematika, and Universitas Mataram. 2024. “Pengaruh Model Game Based Learning Menggunakan Aplikasi Quizizz Terhadap Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika.” Mandalika Mathematics and Education Journal 6:775–84.
Do, Hai-ninh, Bich Ngoc Do, and Minh Hue Nguyen. 2023. “Heliyon 3How Do Constructivism Learning Environments Generate Better Motivation and Learning Strategies ? The Design Science Approach.” Heliyon 9(12):e22862. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22862.
Dorji, Nidup, and Karma Sonam Rigdel. 2024. “The Effect of Games and Simulations in Learning Mathematics : A Quasi-Experimental Study.” 20(2):1–15.
Duval, Sue, and Richard Tweedie. 2000. “Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel-Plot-Based Method.” Biometrics (June):455–63.
Fadillah, Anggun Nur, Wildansyah Lubis, Elvi Mailani, and Lidia Simanihuruk. 2025. “Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Papan Perkalian Montessori Terhadap Hasil Belajar Perkalian Kelas Iv Sdn 054907 Gang Sentosa.” 5(4):5187–95.
Fatmawati, Rindi, and Tanti Jumaisyaroh Siregar. 2026. “Pengaruh Model Game-Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar : The Effect of Game- Based Learning Model on Students ’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability in Solid Figures with Flat Faces.” 14(1):131–40.
Fransisco, Teofilo G. 2020. “Game- Based Activity : The Effect on Students ’ Learning in Mathematics.” (2011).
Higgins, Julian P. T., Simon G. Thompson, Jonathan J. Deeks, and Douglas G. Altman. 2003. “Measuring Inconsistency in Meta-Analyses.” Education and Debate 557–60.
Ihsan, Muh, Herna, and Aprisal. 2024. “Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Game Edukasi Wordwall Terhadap Keaktifan Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 5 Tinambung.” PEDAMATH : Journal on Pedagogical Mathematics 7(1):39–49.
Islam, Kireida, Kokom Komalasari, Iim Masyitoh, Juwita, and Ismi Adnin. 2024. “Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Game Based Learning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik.” Jurnal Ideas Publishing 10(2018):619–28. doi: 10.32884/ideas.v10i3.1640.
Iwen, Chun-ming Hung, and Huang Gwo-jen Hwang. 2014. “Effects of Digital Game-Based Learning on Students’ Self- Efficacy, Motivation, Anxiety, and Achievements in Learning Mathematics.” Computers & Education 1:151–66. doi: 10.1007/s40692-014-0008-8.
Julianty, Siti Indah. 2018. “Perbedaan Motivasi Belajar Ditinjau Dari Metode Ceramah Dan Media Powerpoint Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Pada Siswa Skripsi.”
Kudri, Al, and Maisharoh. 2021. “Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Kahoot Berbasis Game Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa.” Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 3(6):4628–36.
Lakens, Daniël. 2013. “Calculating and Reporting Effect Sizes to Facilitate Cumulative Science : A Practical Primer for t -Tests and ANOVAs.” 4(November):1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863.
Mansureh, Kebritchi, Atsusi Hirumi, and Haiyan Bai. 2020. “Author's Personal Copy Computers & Education The Effects of Modern Mathematics Computer Games on Mathematics Achievement and Class Motivation.” Computers & Education 55:427–43. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.007.
NCTM. 2000. Principles and Standards for School Mathematics.
Nurjiah, Melan, and Jean Elikal Marna. 2025. “Pengaruh Game-Based Learning Berbantu Wordwall Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa.” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran 5(2):1–13.
Nursalam. 2020. Literature Systematic Review Pada Pendidikan. edited by S. K. Dr. Tintin Sukartini, S. K. M.Kes Diah Priyantini, and N. Ns Dluha Maf’ula, S.Kep.
Nurul, Dk, Najiah Pg, Abu Bakar, and Masitah Shahrill. 2023. “Digital Escape Game and Students ’ Learning Outcomes in Mathematics : Experience From Brunei.” (December):1–14. doi: 10.1177/21582440231216838.
Pakpahan, Farida Hanum, Marice Saragih, Magister Pendidikan, Bahasa Inggris, and Amik Widyaloka Medan. 2022. “Theory Of Cognitive Development By Jean Piaget.” Journal Of Applied Linguistics 2(1):55–60. doi: 10.52622/joal.v2i2.79.
Pan, Ai-jou, Yea-tzu Yuan, and Pao-nan Chou. 2025. “Incorporating PaGamO and Postgame Group Discussions into an Elementary Mathematics Course : An Experimental Study.” (1):1–16. doi: 10.1177/21582440251329698.
PISA. 2022. Results. Vol. I.
Rahim, Mujeebur, Lubna Ali Mohammed, Saba Batool, S. The, Mujeebur Rahim, Lubna Ali Mohammed, and Saba Batool. 2025. “The Effect of Kahoot as a Gamification-Based Assessment Tool on Primary Students ’ Academic Achievement in Mathematics.”
Rahimi, Seyedahmad, Valerie J. Shute, Curt Fulwider, Katie Bainbridge, Renata Kuba, Xiaotong Yang, Ginny Smith, Ryan S. Baker, and Sidney K. D. Mello. 2022. “Computers & Education Timing of Learning Supports in Educational Games Can Impact Students ’ Outcomes.” Computers & Education 190(July):104600. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104600.
Rahmania, Aisyah, Erna Suwangsih, and Primanita Sholihah Rosmana. 2024. “Pengaruh Games Based Learning Quizziz Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kemampuan Operasi Hitung Campuran Siswa Kelas Vi Aisyah Rahmania 1 , Erna Suwangsih 2 , Primanita Sholihah Rosmana 3 Progam Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.” 10(16):25–33.
Retnawati, Hera, Ezi Apino, Kartianom, Hasan Djidu, and Rizqa D. Anazifa. 2018. Pengantar Analisis Meta. Pertama. edited by E. Apiano. Yogyakarta: Parama Publishing.
Rosenthal, Robert. 1979. “The " File Drawer Problem " and Tolerance for Null Results.” Psychological Bulletin 86(3):638–41.
Rosyida, Risma Hanifatur, and Wulan Sutriyani. 2026. “The Effect Of A Game-Based Learning Model Using Gimkit On Mathematics Learning Outcomes In Elementary Schools.” JPMS (Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Matematika Sigma) 12(1):17–23.
Sterne, Jonathan A. C., Alex J. Sutton, John P. A. Ioannidis, Norma Terrin, David R. Jones, and Joseph Lau. 2011. “Recommendations for Examining and Interpreting Funnel Plot Asymmetry in Meta-Analyses of Randomised.” (fig 1):1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4002.
Sulmiati. 2022. “Pengaruh Game Online Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas V Sdn 3 Banjarsari.” Renjana Pendidikan Dasar 2(3).
Sumale, Lufna, Abdul Wahab Abdullah, and Bertu Rianto Takaendengan. 2024. “Students Mathematics Learning Achievement At Vocational School : An Experimental Study Of Using.” 4(1):142–49.
Supriadi, Nanang, Kartika Ramadhona, Dona Dinda Pratiwi, and Santi Widyawati. 2020. “Concept Understanding Skills and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills in Algebraic Materials: The Effect of DMR Learning Model Assisted by Dragonbox Puzzle Game During The Covid-19 Pandemic.” Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 11(1):191–98.
Ully, Sonali Arta, and Ika Parma Dewi. 2022. “Pengaruh Game-Based Learning Menggunakan Aplikasi Quizizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar.” Jurnal Vocational Teknik Elektronika Dan Informatika 10(4).
Wardani, Winda Risma, Aan Nurfahrudianto, and Muhamad Basori. 2024. “Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Digital Game Based Learning ( DGBL ) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SDN Manggis.” 1300–1310.
Widiyasari, Ririn. 2025. “Pengaruh Model Game-Based Learning Berbatuan Kahoot Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa.” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 8(April).
